The comprehensive peace agreement sudan 2005 publish. In adopting resolution 1996 2011 on 8 july 2011, the security council determined that the situation faced by. Power sharing signed at naivasha, kenya on 26th may, 2004 part iii. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa is a set of protocols signed in january 2005 between the sudan peoples liberation movement splm and the government of. Sudans comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed in january 2005, ending two decades of war between the national congress party ncp of the north and the sudan peoples liberation movement and army splma of the south.
The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was seen as a new era for sudan, but the country has many interwoven conflicts that cant be solved through a single agreement. Sudan since the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement. Wassara phd1 introduction the sudan is a vast and varied country in terms of its geography and people, defining its social and political relations from the colonial era through independence. Jan 09, 2015 sudan s ali osman mohamed taha and sudan peoples liberation movement leader john garang laugh before the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement in kenyas capital nairobi, january 9, 2005. Sudans comprehensive peace agreement voice of america. In january 2005, the two signed the comprehensive peace agreement, which laid out a plan for southern autonomy for the next six years followed by a. The 9 january signing of the comprehensive peace agreement between the government of the sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movement was a historic moment of great opportunity for the. The conflict lasted over two decades until the government of sudan and the sudan peopleos liberation movementarmy splma signed the comprehensive peace agreement cpa in january 2005. This is the comprehensive peace agreement signed between the parties under the auspices of igad in 2005. The region was administered under the constitution for southern sudan, promulgated in december 2005, as well as the countrys national interim constitution, promulgated in july 2005. Relations with sudan united states department of state. The cpa marked the end of two decades of civil conflict and was the culmination of peace negotiations facilitated by the intergovernmental authority on development igad as well as the united kingdom, norway, united. On 11 october 2007, the sudan peoples liberation movement splm announced it was suspending participation in the government of national unity because the national congress party ncp was not implementing key aspects of the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement cpa that ended the generationlong, primarily northsouth conflict.
Federalism in sudan the comprehensive peace agreement and beyond. Sudans ali osman mohamed taha and sudan peoples liberation movement leader john garang laugh before the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement in. The comprehensive peace agreement is a collection of agreements agreed to december 31, 2004 and signed, in a formal ceremony, on january 9, 2005. Implementing the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan. Government of the republic of sudangovernment of sudan. For research purposes, we maintain the documents which have been previously agreeed to in our digital collection, although many of these have been. Comprehensive peace agreement sudan 2005 britannica. The sudanese peace process consists of meetings, written agreements and actions that aim to resolve the war in darfur, the sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile the two areas, and armed conflicts in central, northern and eastern sudan in 2005, the comprehensive peace agreement led to a resolution of some of the armed conflict in sudan, including the 2011 south sudanese. South sudan the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement. Jan 09, 2005 sudan s government and southern rebels have signed a comprehensive peace deal to end africas longest civil war. For all but 11 of the 48 years since its independence in 1956, sudan has been. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the. Since gaining its independence in 1956, sudan has been among the african countries which have.
Sudans comprehensive peace agreement enough project. Comprehensive peace agreement, january 9 2005 south sudan. The civil war was finally ended when the splasplm and the government of sudan signed the comprehensive peace agreement cpa on january 9, 2005, mediated by the intergovernment authority on development igad, a regional organization of which sudan is a member. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa and cultural. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government. On 9 july 2011 south sudan became the newest country in the world. Comprehensive peace agreement, january 9 2005 south. Jan 09, 2005 this is the comprehensive peace agreement signed between the parties under the auspices of igad in 2005. What progress has been made and what have the flashpoints. A summary of the comprehensive peace agreement conciliation.
The comprehensive peace agreement between the government of. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government of the republic of the sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movementsudan. More information about sudan is available on the sudan page and from other department of state publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet. The comprehensive peace agreement the embassy of sudan. The wartorn region of darfur is used as evidence for the great challenges to human security and human rights. Dec 20, 2011 this weeks post in the series enough 101 is the second of two posts offering a brief history of sudan, and covers the time period beginning in 2002 with the comprehensive peace agreeement negotiations through 2011 with the independence of south sudan. Peace by piece addressing sudans conflicts accord issue 18.
South sudan south sudan the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement. Nairobi, kenya cnn after nearly three years of negotiations, sudans government and main rebel group sunday have signed comprehensive peace accords to end more than 21 years of. The document contains some provisions for reconciliation and healing. While the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement brought new hope for southern sudan, many barriers remain to the agreements successful implementation three years onas recently illustrated by. Four policy documents namely the comprehensive peace agreement 2005, the south sudan development plan 201120, the south sudan peace and reconciliation strategy 202015 and the comprehensive strategic dimensions for healing, peace and reconciliation 20 were selected and critically analysed using norman. Included are updates and amendments to previous protocols.
The elections mean the general elections to take place, in accordance with the inc, no later than the end of the fourth year of the interim. Agreement, including the investigation of any alleged violation also recommend remediat action for confirmed ceasefire violations. The comprehensive peace agreement carnegie endowment for. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan. Unmis wound up its operations on 9 july 2011 with the completion of the interim period agreed on by the government of sudan and sudan peoples liberation movement in the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, signed on 9 january 2005. Sudans comprehensive peace agreement by adam obrien the precarious peace between northern and southern sudan stands at a crucial crossroads. After a long process of peace negotiations, which started only three years after the outbreak of the second civil war in sudan in 1983, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on january 9, 2005 between the government of sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma. This comprehensive peace agreement seeks to end the conflict between the government of nepal and the communist party of nepal maoist. The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa in january 2005 by the gos and sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma had little impact. The comprehensive peace agreement and its aftermath. Comprehensive peace agreement closure of unmis unmis wound up its operations on 9 july 2011 with the completion of the interim period agreed on by the government of sudan and sudan peoples liberation movement in the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, signed on 9 january 2005. Those negotiations culminated in the january 9, 2005 signing of the comprehensive.
Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the splmspla with annexes download select language. Jan 09, 2005 nairobi, kenya cnn after nearly three years of negotiations, sudans government and main rebel group sunday have signed comprehensive peace accords to end more than 21 years of civil war. May 10, 2007 the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, a grand agreement ending one of bloodiest and longest conflicts ever fount on african continent. It comprises a ceasefire including the management of arms and armies of both the national army and the moist group by the united nations. Fifty years and two devastating civil wars later, federalism is central to the comprehensive peace agreement signed between the khartoum government and the sudan peoples.
A sixyear interim period dated from 9 july 2005 is established during which the southern sudanese will have the right to govern affairs in their region and participate equitably in the national government. Jan 07, 2010 jen marlowe, for the pulitzer center southern sudanese share their perspectives on the comprehensive peace agreement and its aftermath. Afrika publizieren sie ihre hausarbeiten, referate, essays, bachelorarbeit oder masterarbeit. This article considers whether the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement for the sudan the cpa gives rise to binding obligations for the parties under international law. Peace agreements digital collection liberia comprehensive peace agreement comprehensive peace agreement between the government of liberia and the liberians united for reconcilation and democracy lurd and the movement for democracy in liberia model and political parties accra, august 18, 2003 table of contents text of the agreement. After a long process of peace negotiations, which started only three years after the outbreak of the second civil war in sudan in 1983, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on january 9, 2005 between the government of sudan gos and the. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of. The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was. Featuring contributions from different sides of sudans conflicts, this accord examines who was excluded from the peace process and suggests how future initiatives could be more inclusive. Pdf after the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan. Africa publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Foreign dignitaries including us secretary of state colin powell were among those attending the ceremony in the kenyan capital nairobi. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of nepal. Julian warczinski bachelor thesis politics international politics region.
South sudan president salva kiir has signed a peace deal with rebels more than a week after refusing to do so, at a ceremony in the capital juba attended by african regional leaders. Constitutional history provided for by the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement cpa that ended the longrunning civil war between the north and the south. The impact of the comprehensive peace agreement and the new. The challenges of sustaining peace and transforming sudan the national islamic front nif is too deformed to be reformed by dr. In respect of the southern sudan, there shall be a government of southern sudan goss, as per the borders of 1156, which shall consist of. The agreement signed on january 9, 2005 brings a new life and a new hope to the people of sudan. Federalism in sudan the comprehensive peace agreement and beyond proponentsof federalism in sudan have faced a bitter struggle since before independence in 1956. The cpa and implications for human rights throughout sudan. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. After a long process of peace negotiations the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on 9 january 2005 between the government of sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movement. All peaceloving people, nations, institutions, civil society groups must jealously guard and protect what has been achieved through careful diplomatic efforts.
The legitimacy and effectiveness of the cpa, and the avoidance of a return to bloody civil war, depends significantly on the agreement giving rise to legal obligations. More than a year after it was signed, sudans comprehensive peace agreement cpa is showing signs of strain. Central thesis before the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement cpa can be implemented in sudan, four important conditions must be met. Peace in sudan has not been achieved without sacrifice. Mach ways of sustaining durable peace and reconciliation after conflict. The sudan comprehensive peace agreement cpa is one of the rare achievements not only in the sudan but indeed in africa as it offers a unique resolution of one of the most complicated and protracted civil wars in africa. Sudan comprehensive peace agreement peace accords matrix. Submit for approval, its recommendations to the implementation. The signing of the cpa in january 2005 raised the hopes and promise of a new era in the sudan. While the agreement ended one of africas longest and bloodiest civil wars, it was an agreement between only two parties, the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma and the ruling national congress party ncp, and continues to lack broader support throughout the. Although there are many positive aspects to the recent agreement, this study will reveal how the north will keep asserting its dominance through controlling the oil sector and using the unresolved border areas for political gain. After the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan on jstor.
Institutional developments and political trends in focus areas samson s. The comprehensive peace agreement sudan 2005 an example of successful peacebuilding. As i mentioned in my testimony in 2007, the sustainable peace in the sudan will primarily hinge on the stability in the transitional areas of abyei, nuba mountains, blue nile, eastern sudan and darfur as these area represent the majority of the marginalized s. Intended by its architects as the cornerstone of peace in a country fractured by conflict, the comprehensive peace agreement, or cpa, has been hamstrung by the national congress partys. It offers a unique mechanism for resolving issues of religious diversity and setting a new basis for national unity based on the free will of the people. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government of the republic of the sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movement sudan.
The impact of the comprehensive peace agreement and the. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the splmspla with annexes. Policy framework for sustainable peacebuilding in south sudan. This was followed by the protocols on security and the humanitarian situation, both signed in the nigerian capital abuja in november 2004, and the declaration of principles, signed in may 2005. Saf sudan armed forces national army of the government of sudan in june 2002, the splma and the gos began negotiations to end sudans second civil war. Evaluating sudans comprehensive peace agreement 2005, uppsala. Sudan relations the united states established diplomatic relations with sudan in 1956, following its independence from joint administration by egypt and the united kingdom. By integrating groups that have been marginalized since sudans independence in 1956, the cpa can bring peace to a country that has been wracked by civil conflict for over. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed in kenya by the national congress party ncp and the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma on january 9, 2005. Merging lessons learned from the wunlit conference of 1999, the sudans comprehensive peace agreement of 20052011, and the agreement on the resolution of conflict in south sudan 20152018 mabior p. Prospects for peace, lessons learned cheri baker casespecific briefing paper humanitarian aid in complex emergencies university of denver 2011 abstract before the republic of south sudan can be considered a viable state, oil revenuesharing, debt.
1363 846 1016 66 1634 1465 592 912 1192 640 947 1104 1151 1351 156 650 1211 490 1430 1077 86 1233 751 290 1323 595 578 1057 73 88 25 146 199 983 810 558 501 208 420 1128 1120 418 706 1045